いろんな仮定文

今日は仮定文の復習
基本的なことは主略していくのでそこのところよろしく!!
in case 〜, provided 〜とかよくifと同じように使っているけど、実はこれらは現実にあり得ることにしか使えないらしい。つまり0 and 1st conditionでしか使えません。

• Take some suncream with you in case you need it.
• Use your suncream if you sunbathe. 

ifの省略による倒置

仮定文は以下のように語順をかえることができます。なかなかややこしいので注意!!

• If I went to school on time, I would learn more. 

= If I were to go to school on time, I would learn more. 

• If I had known the exam was so difficult, I would had studied more. 

= Had I known the exam was so difficult, I would had studied more. 

= If I were to have known the exam was so difficult, I would had studied more. 

= Were I to have know the exam was so difficult, I would had studied more. 

その他の仮定法

• If+S+should+base verb, S+will/can/might/may+base verb.  
• If+S+happen+to+base verb, S+will/can/might/may+base verb.
• as if + 1st conditional or 2nd conditional. 
• as though + 1st conditional or 2nd conditional. 
• even if + 1st conditional or 2nd conditional. 
• as long as  + 1st conditional or 2nd conditional. 

as if とかas thoughなどの仮定を表す表現では後に来る文は1st or 2nd conditionalでもどちらでもかまわないそうです。もちろん2nd conditionalにすると現実性が低くなるのは忘れずに。

if + will/would

基本的にはifなどの仮定文中ではwill/wouldを使わないのですが、いくつか例外があります。

• I'll see if the doctor is free if you will/would wait there. 

丁寧な言い方 will < would

• If I had known English would become the universal language, I would have studied harder. 

         know that 〜 などのthat節中では普通にwill/wouldを使える。

* ちなみに順番を逆にできるけどコンマ( , )に注意!!

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

You will pass the exam if you study hard.